Task 5 - Be able to prepare personal career development material

Freelance Presenters

Adur FM

West Sussex

Apply by Jun 08, 2012

Adur FM is an internet radio station based in West Sussex with an RSL scheduled (subject to Ofcom approval).

We are looking for Freelance Presenters to be part of our on air team to present “live” or “voice track”, voice tracking can be done remotely from your home/studio.

If you are passionate about music (predominantly 80’s & 70’s) enjoy “local”, and during live shows are able to interact with your audience? Then we would love to hear from you!

These are currently un-paid positions but may be a stepping stone to a “paid” position within our exciting plans.

To apply:
To apply, please send a short mp3 demo and cv to jobs@adurfm.com

 

http://www.radiotalent.co.uk/radio-jobs/adur-fm/freelance-presenters

 

Above is a live job advertisment which is currently being advertised on the internet. The internet is a vast matter of information and so anyone wishing to find a job, looking on the internet is the best way to go about that as it is very independant and useful and gives the dates of when the advertisement was published and any contact details and other important details that the person applying for the job may need to know, such as the contracted hours and skills required.

 

Show Reel - This is a dvd which consists of showing all the work in which you have made. However, it is created so that snippets of your work are shown, mainly the best bits, and made into a reel of footage and evidence of the things you have created or done within your area of expertise. This allows the person or people who are employing you, to see for themselves the level at which you can work.

 

Portfolio - For those people who may have not produced things which can be shown on dvd, such as art work or fashion work and lots of written work, which can only be seen in books, a portfolio is another way of allowing the interviewer to see for themselves the work which you have done. It is a book or a folder in which the main aspects, and your best bits, of your work are collected and put together to show evidence of all that you have learnt and can do.

 

Website - If you are wanting to create a website and apply for a job in ways which allow you to do this, then you may make a website for your interview so that the interviewer can have proof and evidence that this is what you have done and are capable of. You can make websites quirky and fun to look around and so by showing all of these skills, it will impress the interviewer more.

 

KEY ELEMENTS OF PROFESSIONAL BEHAVIOUR

 Research - In most interviews that you go to, the interviewer will no doubt ask you whether you have researched the company that you are applying for in order to find out some history of how the company began and how it has become more well known as time has gone on. This shows that you have taken interest into the job that you are applying for and were keen to find out more about them in order to answer the interviewers questions. It will also show responsibility and enthusiasm, two things which are cherished within a working environment.

 

Verbal Communication - It is important, when attending an interview, to come across as intelligent and well spoken with plenty of manners. You must come across as confident in the way that you are speaking, so speak loudly but do not shout. You must sound confident in the way that you answer your questions so as not to show any uncertainty in what you are saying and to make the interviewer believe you and have confidence also in what you are saying to them.

 

Non verbal communication - This is mainly about how you come across as a person depending on your body language and the way you dress. For an interview you should, mainly, dress as smartly as you can to make it seem like you have made an effort in what you are about to do and show that you are enthusiastic about appearing nice and setting a good first impression, which will be greatly honoured especially if the company in which you are applying for, has a front on approach to its customers and meets new people everyday. Your body language must seem confident, but not over confident so that people may be too scared or timid to approach you. A smile is always the way forward as it makes you seem approachable and friendly. You must not slouch, as this makes you come across as shy and having no confidence in yourself or what you are doing and saying. Make sure that your posture is correct and that your shoulders are held back, creating a straight back and a more professional and confident look.

This is also based on how you dress and the things in which people see when they meet you. For example, tatoos and piercings. It is sensible to turn up to work with your tatoo's covered and to make sure that you are wearing subtle jewellery so that it is not too obtrusive, unless the company in which you work for does not mind this, but be careful to ask first before you reveal your tatoo's and wear over the top jewellery.

Task 4 - Know about employment opportunities and job roles within the media sector

There are 12 job roles within the radio industry of the media, these are:

• Broadcast Assistant
• Radio Presenter
• Reporter
• Radio Producer
• Radio Traffic Manager
• Station Manager
• Sales Executive
• Marketing Executive
• Programme Controller
• Radio News Editor
• Broadcast Journalist
• Commercials Producer

Each of these jobs has a role which all link in together to make one successful radio station. Below I will be telling you more about each role and what it entails.

BROADCAST ASSISTANT
A Broadcast Assistants job is to offer practical support to the radio producers and the presenters. They undertake many administrative tasks, all to ensure that the radio programme runs smoothly, both live and recorded, and they can also help with research, planning and production. In the BBC the majority of Radio Broadcast Assistants are members of a small team, although some are part of much larger programme units. They are mainly based in offices and recording studios, but may also work on location assisting with the production of outside broadcasts.
Overall, a Broadcast Assistant is multi-skilled in the job that they do, because they have to look after the whole station, especially the people within the office that they are working at during the time of a show and if anything goes wrong they must be there to help assist and sort out the situation by helping the presenters and the producers and so must know what each of these people do in their roles in order to correct the problem.

RADIO PRESENTER
Radio presenters are the voice for the station they work for. They set the tone and feel of a show, depending on what genre station they are based on and what time of day it is. During the night, for example, their voices may be soft and mellow, due to the fact that the night is a relaxing time as this is when people go to sleep. However, during the day they will be upbeat and happy and may be louder than normal, due to the fact that they want to make people upbeat and like the fact that their show is so happy and enthusiastic. Wherever they work, Presenters are expected to understand the purpose and format of their station or programme; to be aware of the characteristics of their target audience; and to be knowledgeable about the subject matter of the output they present.
Although presenters have to know all about the different genres of music that they are playing, they are given the name and artist of the song which they are playing, so that they can then forward this information to the listener. They also have a script written for them by the producer of the show and so are given guidelines about what to say, so I wouldn't say that they were multi-skilled. I would, however, say that they were very creative people as they can talk for hours on end about a certain subject that they have been told to talk about, and constantly keep the conversation flowing without there ever being any awkward pauses.

REPORTER
A reporters role within the industry is to collect new material for a good story. If there has been a natural disaster somewhere in the world, then it is their job to travel out there and to find as much information about the disaster as possible. This can include interviewing witnesses about what they saw and experience during the disaster. They can also interview experts in these certain fields so as to maybe reach an answer as to why it happened and why, if any, people died and why they were not prepared for it. The story must be interesting to listen to and involve subjects which the listener will want to learn about, keeping them up to date with the world in which they live in.
I would say that reporters are multi-skilled because they can find many ways in which to retrieve the information they need to make a good story and then present this story to an audience. They know what the listeners will want to hear and they are good at asking questions and getting to know people who they think or know will help them in making a good story.

RADIO PRODUCER
A radio producer is what makes a radio show. It is thier duty to create a show which they think will be interesting and listened to by many. They create scripts for the presenters and, although they tell presenters on what to say, they are rarely heard on the radio show ever. Each producer must be aware about the type of genre to which their radio show is aimed at and so create the show around this. This means that what they depends on the genre, including the script and what is said and spoken about and also the music that is played to the listener. For example, Radio 1 plays up to date music throughout the day and then after 7pm they play a selection of drum and bass and Electronic music. This is because their target audience is based between 16-35. However, a radio station such as Classical FM, will play only classical music, as this is what their listeners have tuned in to listen because that is the name of their station.
Radio producers are very creative people because of the scripts that they produce for hour long shows. Some shows, especially Radio 1, can go on for 3 hours and this is a long time to create a script for. But they do so, and they always succeed in making a good show because that is why these stations are still up and running, because people are listening to the shows that they enjoy, which are written and created by the producer.

RADIO TRAFFIC MANAGER
This job role entails scheduling the times in which advertisments are played throughout the show. Companies pay a great deal of money to certain radio stations in order for their company advert to be aired. This can increase the popularity of a company and allow them to make a bigger profit, especially if the radio station is a popular and well known one, such as Heart FM. Radio stations such as Radio 1, do not advertise during thier shows as they depend on the license fee holders to pay for them to exist and run. However, this role may still be available as they also work on promoting the station for which they work for, such as events like Radio 1's Big Weekend. Wherever they work, Presenters are expected to understand the purpose and format of their station or programme; to be aware of the characteristics of their target audience; and to be knowledgeable about the subject matter of the output they present.
Radio Traffic Managers are very technical people, because they have to create the whole radio show around the advertisments that they have been paid to air. They must know the exact times of songs and how long a slot of speaking is going to go on for in order for them to create a good show which does not run over thier scheduled time.

STATION MANAGER
Station Managers are responsible for the day-to-day running of Radio stations - leading the management team to ensure they meet the key objectives of the station in terms of output, audience, or revenue. Whether Station Managers run music or speech-based stations, they are expected to have a clear understanding of the purpose and format of their station, and the characteristics of their target audience. They help to determine the objectives of their station, and are then expected to communicate these objectives effectively to all staff, providing leadership and motivation to ensure they are met. Station Managers ensure the smooth running of their station, leading the management team and co-ordinating the activities of all the disciplines within the station, including the development of multi-platform content.
The people in these job roles have very good production management as they can create all this information for a show and then inform everyone of this information so that they can follow by the rules given to make the show successful. They must have authority for people to respect them and to listen to their every request, to prevent any mistakes being made.

MARKETING EXECUTIVE
Radio Marketing Executives may be involved in a wide range of activities in order to market the services and products of a radio station, or group of stations, to existing and potential listeners and clients. The aim is to increase brand awareness and loyalty, grow audiences, and attract advertisers.
Examples of what they may do is make campaigns for their company, this could be anything from flyers and leaflets to internet advertising, which is mostly how Radio 1 advertise any gigs they may be having and also on their own radio stations.
The people in this role have very good production management as they must make sure that everyone who they manage is doing thier role in advertising the company that they work for and listening to what the marketing executive is saying and doing it.

PROGRAMME CONTROLLER
Programme Controllers must have a clear understanding of the purpose and format of their station, the characteristics of their target audience and the key business objectives of the station. Their role is to plan programming to meet these objectives, and to oversee the work of programming teams. Programme Controllers work closely with Station Managers, or other relevant personnel, who have overall responsibility for the station, but whose key focus is on sales and maximising revenue. You will only find this job title in commerical radio stations and so therefore will find them on radio stations such as Heart FM because they receive their funding through commercialsl, whereas Radio 1 depends on television licensing to help support them financially.

RADIO NEWS EDITOR
A radio news editors job is to select and identify relevant information that has been gathered by the researchers of the news station. They must select appropriate information to the time slot that they are in so that it is not too graphic or gives too much information of the event for younger listeners to hear and learn about. They must make the stories interesting and stick to fact of what has happened and not opinion.
These people must be very creative in the stories that they produce and put together because they want to keep the audience interested in thier radio station because of the useful information that they give during their news stories.

JOB ADVERTISEMENT ONE

Regional Managing Director

Location:

South West

 

Date posted:

30/05/2012 22:00

Sector:

Media

Company:

Global Radio

Contact:

Georgina Denham

Ref:

Salestarget

Job ID:

53530600

Reporting To: Managing Director, Regions

Location: West region (Exeter, Cardiff, Bristol, Swindon, Gloucester and St Agnes) with significant travel across to the West and to London

THE ROLE

Overall purpose:

The focus of this role is the leadership of a group of Managing Directors to deliver profit and revenue targets for the West Region.

Key responsibilities:

·Develop and implement a regional commercial strategy aligned to the broader “always on 2015” strategy and activities in order to achieve people, customer and revenue targets.

·Develop and manage a network of key regional stakeholders and partnerships to deliver advertising value, earn customer loyalty and drive customer retention.

·Lead the creation of budgets and business plans for the region and make sure that budgets, revenue and profit targets are delivered across all sites.

·Develop and manage strong relationships with the programming, marketing and technology teams so that all stations are operating as one team.

·Drive the consistent application of sales processes and other Company processes across all stations to achieve full compliance.

·Lead and develop a high performing team of MDs who love working for Global Radio.

Key Working Relationships:·Other RMDs and MDs at all Broadcast centers

·Programme Directors

·Broadcast engineering teams

·Regional marketing teams

THE PERSONSkills& Behaviours:

·Self motivated

·Customer focused

·Great communication and influencing skills

·Good at planning and organising

·Great people leadership and management skills

·Great at building strong, effective working relationships

·Personal resilience

·Obsessive about detail

·Analytical and highly numerate

·Good at leading and managing through change

Experience:

·Experience of managing people in geographically dispersed locations

·Experience of developing external networks to build personal and company profile

·Experience of budgeting and forecasting

·Experience of the use of salesforce would be preferable

http://www.salestarget.co.uk/JobSearch/JobDetails.aspx?JobId=53530600 

This is a job advert which I found for the South West of London. They are looking for someone who has good management skills in order to control a big group of people within the industry that I have chosen to research. The main aspect of the job is to create awareness of the radio station and the things that they are advertising so that the company can make a profit in what they are doing and then use this profit income to make their station an even better one. The salary amount for the job has been classed as unspecified and so this would normally mean that you would have to find out at the interview how much you would get paid or it would depend on how mych advertisment you achieved within a day which would contribute to how much money you make and get paid at the end of the working month.

The one main aspect that they are looking for in someone who wants to apply for the job is someone who can easily become friends with other people in their team or the team which they have been asked to work in so that the best possible outcome can wbe produced. They must be confident in order to do this successfully and be able to get thier own opinions and thoughts across and be heard and considered by the rest of the team members.


JOB TITLE NUMBER TWO
Radio Planner x2

Location:

UK

Salary:

£260 - £300 per day

Date posted:

29/05/2012 17:43

Job type:

Contract

Company:

Randstad Technologies

Contact:

Paul Read

Ref:

CWJobs/BBBH131543

Job ID:

53724856

Radio Planner x2

My telecoms client is recruiting two contract Radio Planners. One to work in Central England & Wales and one in the South.

The Radio Planners will be reporting into the Regional ICO Team Lead. This role will ensure all new sites are integrated into the network with an appropriate set of physical and logical configurations. All sites should be optimised to achieve an agreed minimum set of high level KPI's before handover to retained optimisation teams.

Key Responsibilities:

• Preparing initial data-build configuration for new 2G and 3G sites
• Ensure site configuration reflects a pragmatic compromise between coverage objectives for both parents whilst achieving the required capacity requirements and QOS.
• Support the team by proposing and suggesting strategies and improvements to working procedures and processes.
• Support the wider capability of the team by coaching and mentoring staff with less experience to ensure their capabilities, knowledge and strengths are enhanced, and their development needs are met.
• Support the wider team with any technical tips and best practise suggestions
• Optimisation of 3G to 2G intersystem handovers to ensure seamless coverage and call completion success rate KPIs are met.
• Optimisation of site configuration and capacity to ensure blocking KPIs are met.
• Schedule drive tests on new sites and co-ordinate test drive routes as required.
• Analysis of drive test log files, determination of issues and production of changes to resolve those issues
• Build and develop close relationships with parent optimisation departments and ensure the smooth handover of sites.
• Delivery of accurate performance reports/ handover documents to

Essential Qualities:

• Ability to work under pressure to high standards of accuracy
• Proven track record of optimisation activities and delivery against objectives and targets
• Extensive experience in GSM and UMTS technologies
• Good Knowledge of Radio principles
• Analysis of TEMs and ASCOM drive tests
• Strong personal motivation and ability to work under pressure to meet targets and deadlines.
• Common sense and ability to make pragmatic decisions
• Valid UK/EU Driving license
• Use of network statistics tools such as Mycom Proptima
• Use of operations support and change control tools such as AMDOCs or Clarify
• Basic working knowledge of geo-data tools such as MapInfo
• High PC literacy and proficient with Microsoft Excel, Access and PowerPoint.

All that this job requires is described in the job description that is found on the online website. http://www.cwjobs.co.uk/JobSearch/JobDetails.aspx?JobId=53724856 They require someone who, again, is confident and is able to make positive relationships with the people that they work with and in the teams within which they are placed in order to gain the best possible outcomes of the tasks that they are given.

Compared to the last job advertisment, this job allows you to see the salary that you will be getting. It states that you will be getting between $£260-300 a day. This different probably depends on how high up you are ranked within the company and the more you get promoted then the more money you make. Or it could depend on comission, so how much you manage to sell due to advertising.

JOB ADVERTISEMENT NUMBER THREE

Salary: Competitive rates on application
Type: Contract / Temporary 
Location: West London
Security Level: None/Undisclosed
Start: ASAP
Duration: 3 Months
Posted: 23/05/2012 17:48:39
   
Agency Name: Lorien Resourcing Limited

Consultant: Stacey Gillingham
Telephone: 0161 888 2517
Email this consultant
Reference: SC/50128677
To begin with the advertisment gives you the basic information that someone will want to know when looking for a job within the radio industry. This is salary, the type of contract that it is, the location of the job, how long the job is for, when they are due to start and how long the job application has been up. These things are needed to be known so that people can decided whether this is what they are looking for in a job. The salary needs to meet their needs, especially if they have a family or have their own house by themselves, because they need to be able to afford to live and survive. They also want to know how long the post has been up so that they can decided whether they think the job may have already been taken or have had lots of applicants already, which gives them a smaller chance of recieving the job if everyone else has already applied for it before them and may already be having interviews. They also want to know how long they are needed in the job for because they may need to pay rent or save money for something. Or they may be planning to travel and so anything longer than a few months may not be suitable.


 My client is currently looking for an Optimiser/Radio Engineer The successful candidate must have experience and a technical understanding of GSM, GPRS and UMTS network architectures and operation (in particular Nokia BSS and UTRAN and RAN Transmission), knowledge of the GSM and UMTS air interface, propagation models, antenna systems and good understanding of 2G and 3G radio planning principles and optimisation techniques, highly numerate, demonstrating an analytical approach to all tasks, able to extract meaningful and valid results from large quantities of data and must have strong interpersonal skills and be able to influence, coach and advise on performance management issues across various levels of management, including ATS, incident management and Operational Delivery. It would also be beneficial to have experience within the telecommunications industry. The role will involve producing radio plans, managing special event design, producing reports and maximising radio network quality.
This is initially a 3 month contract position based in West London. To apply for this position or to find out more please send your CV into stacey.gillingham@lorien.co.uk or contact Stacey on 0113 200 2255 today

http://www.securityclearedjobs.com/Jobs/Optimiser-Radio-Engineer_West-London_131496.aspx

The job then gives a description of what the job entails and what skills and qualifications they are looking for in someone who may be interested in applying for the job. They give relevant contact details so that it is easy for a viewer of the applicant to call up and ask for an interview or to ask more details about what they are applying for.

Task 3 - Understanding the regulations of the media sector

Ofcom - This stands for the Office of Communications. It is a government approved regulatory body for broadcasting, telecommunications and postal industries for the United Kingdom. It has a wide range of powers across television, radio, internet, telecoms and postal sectors. It's main duty is to reach the interests of the public and consumers by promoting competition and protecting the public from harmful or offensive material.
The main areas which it maintains are licensing, research, codes and policies, complaints, competition and protecting the radio spectrum from abuse. Ofcom protects the radio spectrum in a number of ways. It investigates and carries out enforcement activities to clear interference or illegal use from the spectrum. Until 2010, it was Ofcom who investigated all interference cases within the UK. However, it is now being reverted to the BBC. But people still report to Ofcom and in all cases to do with illegal/pirate radio operations.

Advertising Standards Authority - This is an independent body set up by the advertising industry to keep an eye on the rules laid down in the advertising codes for both radio and television advertising. It is not funded by the government but makes it's earning by being part of the advertising industry. These are the people who others go to if there is an advert which has not been perceived well by the public due to explicit content or an unsuitable meaning. It is their job to then look at this advert and decided whether to remove the advert or not from radio or television.

THE RADIO REGULATORY BOARD (RRB)

This is another relgulatory body which is associated with the radio industry within the media. The main task that the RRB has to carry out is to act as a kind of watchdog so that they can moniter compliance with the Radio Regulations. They set out compatible ways for 41 different radio services to work without interference and they also deal with a huge frequency range, which starts from 9kHz to 275GHz.
The RRB is a treaty text of the International Telecommunication Union (more commonly known as ITU), which is based in Geneva and is a specialised agency of the United Nations. Whilst covering both legal and technical issues, the ITU serves as international management of the radio spectrum. The things that the Radio Regulations define are:

• The allocation of different frequency bands to different radio stations
• Prodcedures for the coordination and notification of frequency assignments made to radio stations by national goverments.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_Regulations



RECENT REGULATORY ISSUES WITHIN RADIO
There was a huge uproar about the scandal involving Russell Brand and Jonathan Ross when, during The Russell Brand Show on BBC Radio 2, both Jonathan Ross and Brand decided to leave a crude message on the voicemail of Andrew Sachs. This was after he was invited to the show as a guest and to be interviewed but failed to turn up. So Russell Brand decided to call his phone to see where he was but he failed to pick up his phone. This was when both Ross and Brand had the idea that they would leave crude and obscene messages to Andrew Sachs, some of which involved allegations of his granddaughter. It caused the listeners of the show to become shocked at what they had just heard and witnessed and thousnads of complaints had already been counted by the next day.

Both Jonathan Ross and Russell Brand were criticised by people such as Gordon Brown, past prime minister, at what they had done. It was uncalled for and they had caused humilliation upon Andrew Sachs as well as themselves. Both the BBC and Ofcom launched investigations as to what had happened and why they had felt the need to do this. A lot of questions were asked as to how they managed to get away with it in the first place during a live broadcast, when they were under strict rules and supervision by  the BBC. In the end, due to their lack of being able to control thier presenters and the outrage that had been caused by what had happened, Ofcom fined the BBC £150,000.

Before the call, Russell Brand worked on the station with a fellow presenter called Matt Morgan. He was mainly there to steer Russell into talking about things which would be of interest to the listeners and which would never be classed as rude or disrepectful. However, after a row over the MTV Awards, which Russell Brand hosted, Matt Morgan refused to work on the show with Russell Brand any longer and so Brand would call in his celebrity friends to help him on the show. The BBC stated that they could never have seen what had happened before it did and they also said that if it were Matt Morgan on the show with Brand, then he would never have allowed the phone call to have happened. However, after the call had been made, the BBC still decided to broadcast the show to listeners, which in turn figured out to be a bad decision as they were sued thousands of pounds.

On 29 October 2008, the Director General of the BBC, Mark Thompson, announced that Russell Brand and Jonathan Ross were suspended, pending the report of an investigation by Tim Davie, director of BBC audio and music. The suspension meant that for the week, Ross would not be appearing on his regular Fridy Night With Jonathan Ross television show or his Saturday-morning Radio 2 show, and similarly Brand would not be hosting his regular Saturday-night Radio 2 show or his appearance as a guest captain on Never Mind The Buzzcocks.
On the evening of 30 October it was announced that Controller of Radio 2Lesley Douglas had tendered her resignation, which had been accepted. Her resignation letter did not address the question of whether Douglas herself had approved the pre-recorded show for transmission. On the same day, Ross was suspended without pay from all BBC shows for a period of 12 weeks. The Daily Mail estimated that this would result in his losing £1,344,000 in wages.
The BBC issued an apology over the incident on 8 November, stating that the telephone calls were "grossly offensive" and a "serious breach of editorial standards".^] The corporation apologized specifically to Sachs and Baillie, and also to the license fee payer. David Barber, the head of specialist music and compliance at Radio 2, resigned the evening before the formal apology. Like Douglas, he had been aware of the contents of the show, and had sanctioned the segment's broadcast.

Without these regulatory bodies, situations like these would allow people to get away with it with no consequences for thier actions. By being able to sue companies and suspend presenters and employees, it allows them to realise that what they have done is wrong and that they cannot get away with this and they will be punished depending on what the severity of their actions are and it could even lead to them losing their job over it.They will lose repsect and dignity from people of the public which could affect anything else they decide to do in thier career.


CENSORSHIP/SELF-CENSORSHIP
Self censorship is when people censor or classify their own work out of fear of what people may say about it when compared to their own thoughts and opinions. It is most commonly done by film producers, directors and authors as they do not want to be known as the person that made or wrote something about a certain subject, knowing that some people will not agree with it and have their own opinions about why they disagree with it. This way they are not linked to the complaints themselves because no one really knows who they are apart from close family and friends.

Censorship is when someone else takes the explicit or unreadable content of something, such as a film or book, as it is their job. So, self censorship is when someone knows that what they have written or created will be seen as inappropriate by the public and so they censor themselves and thier identity. And then censorship is when someone else has the job to censor anything that could be seen as inappropriate or used against someone because of a statement that has been written, and so they must remove this information.

An example of censorship in radio would be if a song with explicit words was recorded and everybody downloaded it, this would then make it's way into the UK Chart show on a sunday. So, before it can be played to the audience, it must be censored and all the explicit content within the song must be removed so that it is no longer inappropriate to play on air when people of any ages can be listening.


Possible constraints that can occur within the radio industry, due to the fact that they have to follow radio regulations, is that the presenters can feel restricted about what they can talk about during thier show. This can create bordeom and repitivness within the show and maybe lose the station some listeners because they are always talking about the same thing. Especially during lunchtime news reports, not too much information can be given about the main headline story. This could be due to the fact that it is quite gruesome and there are people under the age of 18 who may be listening suring lunchtime and so, as it applies to television, news after 9pm can contain more detail as this is the contract that has been created. Parents of young children realise that after 9pm, more explicit and indepth conversations and news stories may be spoken about on the radio and so it is their duty to avoid their children listening to them if they do not want them to hear this stuff.

TASK 2 - Understand ethical and legal constraints within the media sector

There are many ethical issues that media professionals have to consider when making a radio show or producing a radio station. These are things which need to be considered both in the building of the radio station and what is being broadcast on the show. They have to regard social issues and sensitivities of others when addressing these ethical issues.

Everyone needs to be treated as one and no one can be picked out from the crowd just because of thier represntation of gender or their religious beliefs. Also, the use of language they use, that of which is not English which we are used to, should not define who they are in our eyes and we should get to know them before we begin to judge them just because of thier race. Within the work company there has to be a varied amount of people, all of whom are from different backgrounds and races, so that it does not seem that a company is being biased towards the sort of people that they hire. For example, if there was a radio station which only hired white people, then this would be seen as ethically wrong because it is singleling out a certain race of people, which is also seen as ethically wrong.

If a person has a different religious belief then this is what they are entitled to they have a right to believe in whatever they want to believe in and cannot be judged on this belief. If, for example, someone wears a turban as it is part of the religion that they are following, then they cannot be judged, when applying for a job, on the fact that this is how they dress. They should only be judged on whether they can give what the company is looking for and this should be commitment and hard work.

To show that the BBC have nothing against people's race or religion, they have a radio station dedicated to people who do not originate from England. This is called BBC Asian Network. It is aimed at those people who originate from and around the Indian subcontinent. The music and news which is broadcast comes from the main urban areas where there are siginificant communities with these backgrounds. It is mainly broadcast in English but they do also have programmes which are presented in five south Asian languages. These are Hindi, Punjabi, Bengali, Gujarati and Potwari. It consists largely of music and talk programmes based on what is happening and the music that is traditional.

"Audiences rightly expect the highest editorial and ethical standards from the BBC. The BBC's Producers' Guidelines are a public statement of those values and standards and how we expect our programme-makers to achieve them.

They detail the BBC's approach to the most difficult editorial issues and provide guidance which programme makers at all levels need to be aware of and follow."
Greg Dyke, Director General of the BBC.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/specials/1715_reporters/page2.shtml

IMPARTIALITY AND ACCURACY

• The BBC has to show diversity and many options in the footage and programs that they show which will appeal to a wide range of people. This includes things to do with religion and belief and many other things which will appeal to both young and old audiences. 

• The BBC can produce a report based on one side of an argument which has been brought up in the media or a program, but they must report this argument fairly and it must be done with integrity and should make sure that opposing views are not misrepresented.

• News:  News programmes should offer viewers and listeners an intelligent and informed account of issues that enables them to form their own views.

• Personal View Programmes: The BBC sees it as very important that a "wide range of individuals or groups offer a personal view or advance a contentious argument." This of course should include Christians. The BBC believes that this is very important as it can "add significantly to public understanding especially when they bring forward unusual and rarely heard perspectives on topics that are well-known from Orthodox points of view." (Evangelical Christianity: Rarely heard and Orthodox Point of view?)

• Right of Reply: When a programme reveals evidence of iniquity or incompetence, or where a strong, damaging critique of an individual or institution is laid out, there is a presumption that those criticised be given a fair opportunity to respond.

http://www.gweini.org.uk/en/policies/bbc-producers-guidelines - This is the website which I found all the BBC guidelines which are shown above and will be shown further on in this blog post. They are all the different sections of the BBC guidelines that need to be followed when creating any type of media, whether it be television or radio.

FAIRNESS AND STRAIGHT DEALING

• Dealing with Contributors: "Contributors should be treated honestly and with Respect."

• A contributor should know in advance if asked to debate on a certain issue the range of views being represented and wherever possible who the other participants will be. They should also be told why they were contacted to be a contributor and what the programme is about.

• The BBC do not normally allow contributors to see the finished work before it is aired, but if they do wish to do so they can contact the BBC in writing, The Editorial Policy will then advise on each separate case.

• Research: Research Agencies will sometimes advertise in order to get contributors, but this is often a last resort. People who become contributors through adverts will then be checked extremely thoroughly.

TASTE AND DECENCY

• Radio: On the radio - Djs share with parents a special responsibility when live broadcasting is listened to by audience with a high proportion of young people or children
• If music is a "genuine expression of popular culture" then it can be played on the radio after the watershed whatever its contents.
• The BBC in Television, Radio and the Internet services must comply with "The European Council Television without Frontiers Directive 1997 article 22.1" This directive demands that the BBC does not include any programmes that would "impair the physical, mental or moral development of minors..." It also demands that the BBC uses "acoustic"or "visual" warnings to alert viewers to any programmes which have the above in it. This is the absolute minimum that the BBC has to do.

LEGAL
The legal issues that need to be stuck to during radio broadcasting are the same that are stuck to through the watershed contract. There is firstly the Broadcasting Act. The aim of this act was to reform the entire structure of broadcasting. It allowed the launch of 3 independent national radio stations. Two of these were used on medium wave frequencies which were formerly used by the BBC and the other used on FM frequency which was used by the emergency services. More plans were then made to make many more local and regional commercial radio stations which used the FM band. These plans to expand however were only set up in 2000. This allowed more information to be spoken about in the content of radio shows than were originally allowed.

Official secrets Act - This is a short term name used when speaking about secrets of the government, state secrets and official information. Therefore, in radio, when the presenters are speaking about things to maybe do with national security, then nothing of vital information can be given away as it can set our country and those around us in danger. Radio presenters should stick to a set schedule which is made for them by the producers of the show and this information needs to be relevant to music and anything else which is going on in the world at that present time. News radio stations especially need to be careful about what news they allow the listener to gain as it could affect the way that a certain case is seen or handled.

Human Rights Act - This is an act which was put in place in 1998 and allowed everyone the same rights as each other and is an act of parliament. It means that anyone who acts against the human right act is unlawful and can be punished. However, it allows people to stand up for themselves if needs be and to act in a form of self defence. The human rights act can be linked to radio because it is a set of guidelines and rules which must be followed by all who work within the radio company. From everything to the employers of the company, so they cannot base their reasons for hiring someone on that persons religion, faith or nationality. They must be fair as everyone has the right to work and gain their own money, to the presenters, who cannot say anything which may be seen as offensive to people of certain races or religion as this is against the law and no one has the right to single someone out just because of the colour of thier skin or where they come from.

Race Relations Act - Formed in 1976, this act is to prevent discrimination on the grounds of race. Items that are covered include discrimination on the grounds of race, colour, nationality, ethnic and national origin in the fields of employment, the provision of goods and services, education and public functions. So no one can not be hired due to the fact that they may have different religious beliefs to the person who is interviewing them. They must be paid the same as all those they work with and cannot be given a greater or smaller rate than others due to the fact that they are of a certain race. They have the right to be able to gain all the credit that other people do in fairness.

Obscene Publications Act - This is the act which has been put into place in both England and Wales. It decides what can be published in these places and restricts information which may tend to corrupt people and the way that they act. In radio, you cannot see any footage and so the obscene publications act will apply to the radio content that is broadcast to the listeners. This may apply to the news when there is a particulary nasty story about something. Details cannot be shared during the day time and may only be shared after 9pm or not spoken about at all. This is because it may encourage people to carry out these acts on other people, as some stories in the past have covered.

Licensing Act - This is when a radio station must detail all regulated recorded or live music that is in thier building. By not doing this, it is a breach of the license and can be considered to be against the law.

In order for the provision of entertainment or entertainment facilities to be regulated, the entertainment or entertainment facilities must be provided:

·                 For members of the public or a section of the public; or

·                 For members of a regulated club or their guests; or

·                 At a charge with the intention of making a profit.

In order to apply for a premises licence, or club premises certificate, an application must be completed and be accompanied by an operating schedule and a plan of the premises. All radio stations will need to be equipped with this licensing certificate. Those without it are known as pirate radio stations and a good example of one of these was Radio Caroline. It was a radio station which was broadcast off land so that they could not be found with a signal and were able to broadcast to people without having to pay for a license to play or record music.

Privacy Law - These are the laws which make sure that everyone has thier own right to privacy and that no one jeopardizes this. This means that no numbers, addresses or personal information of anyone can be broadcast on the radio. It is easy for people to play back anything that was broadcast on air and this information can be collected and used against people to hurt them or others around them and it is putting their life and reputation in danger. This is why there was such a big hype about the phone hacking that went on last year, because it was a breach of peoples privacy and no one had the right to do this.

Copyright & Intellectual property law - This is when owners of companies are given exclusive rights to a variety of assets which will determine who they are and make them rememberable to the public. These assets are musical, literary, artistic works, words, phrases, symbols and designs. Intellectual property rights include copyrights and trademarks. Examples of this may be the logo that is linked to a radio station and makes it visible and recognisable to the public.

This is the logo that is linked to the radio station Radio 1. It has been linked with this radio station for many years and when people see it then this is what they relate it with. They also have the name of their company on the logo so that people are made aware of who they are. 

This is the logo for the Heart FM radio station. Compared to the Radio 1 logo, it has more colour which could suggest that it is more fun and bubbly than Radio 1, whose logo is just black and white and so could be seen as more formal or modern. Colour in the Heart logo suggests that maybe the music that they play is more upbeat and people will appreciate this station more if they were born in the 80's or 90's as this is the old genre music that they tend to play. They have also played with the name of their radio station by adding a heart to replace the A in their name. This shape links to the name and is what makes the logo so recognisable.


These logos are what distinguishes a radio station from the others out there. This is where the copyright and intellectual law comes in. It would be classed as copyright if another company were to make a logo based on a logo that has already been created. The reason that people may do this is because a certain station may be really popular at the moment and be bringing in lots of listeners and advertising income and so, by basing their logo on them, they can draw in people of the public who may think they are linked in some way and so, pleased with the original stations work, will begin to listen or buy things from that company thinking that they will be just as good.


Libel law - This is when a statement is made about a certain company or product which is made to be seen as fact, then gives this company a negative image. Examples of this could be if a certain presenter were to be spoken about in a newspaper article or in a statement, then this could be what puts people off listening to their show at that certain time slot. Libel is only viable if this statement is not true yet is believed to be true by the public and so gives this person or company a bad name. So, if a statement has been made about a certain presenter at Radio 1, then this could also reflect badly on the whole station because people will start to wonder why this person is still employed with them and they will always be known as 'the presenter from Radio 1'.

TASK ONE - Nine media industries and Radio

There are nine media industries which make up the entire media sector. These are;

• Television and Radio
• Film
• Animation
• Interactive Media
• Compute games
• Publishing
• Press
• Photo-imaging
• Advertising and marketing

The industry that I have decided to research is Radio. I have decided to chose two radio stations to research, one of them being Radio 1. 

PRIVATE OWNERSHIP

BBC Radio 1 is a British radio station which is operated by the British Broadcasting Corporation. It is a national radio station but also broadcasts internationally. People from all over the world can listen in to the radio stations from the Radio 1 website or can download the podcasts that are made. These podcasts are free and allows them to stay up to date with the stations shows. 

Being able to access and receive certain information is vital if a radio station like Radio 1 wishes to be popular in the eyes of the public. Much information is provided by the media, including radio, whom collect information and then disseminate this information to the public. With technology advancing so much throughout the years, the important role of the media is becoming ever more important in people's lives and so Radio 1 must constantly be asking how they can improve their role in the publics lives.

Everything that is broadcast on the radio must stick to the radio broadcasting standards. The list of organisations which I am about to give, regulate the radio broadcasting industry in the UK. These are:

• Ofcom - Office of Communications
• CRCA - Commercial Radio Companies Association
• ASA- Advertising Standards Authority
• PRS for Music - Performing Rights Society and Mechanical Copyright Protection Society. 

Radio 1 is owned by the BBC. It is the largest broadcaster in the world. It operates under a Royal Charter and a license and agreement from the Home Secretary. A Royal Charter is when a British town has its status raised to that of a city and so as the BBC is situated in London, this is what they are found under. The BBC is funded merely by the money that is gathered by the annual television license fee that is sent around to all British households. As the BBC do not use advertising on any of their programmes or radio stations, they rely on this license fee to be paid.

As I said above, BBC Radio 1 is owned by the BBC. All of the radio stations owned by the BBC are linked back to the broadcasting house in London. However, radio stations that are owned in different ways are those of Heart FM. Heart is a network of 17 adult contemporary local radio stations in central and southern England and also in north Wales. Sixteen of these Heart stations are owned and operated by Global Radio. This is a British commercial radio company and is the largest in the country. However, there is then one station which is owned independently as a franchise. This is when another firms successful business model is used in order to gain more listeners or public appreciation. This radio station is Heart Hertfordshire.

• Television and Radio
• Film
• Animation
• Interactive Media
• Compute games
• Publishing
• Press
• Photo-imaging
• Advertising and marketing

The industry that I have decided to research is Radio. I have decided to chose two radio stations to research, one of them being Radio 1.

PRIVATE OWNERSHIP

BBC Radio 1 is a British radio station which is operated by the British Broadcasting Corporation. It is a national radio station but also broadcasts internationally. People from all over the world can listen in to the radio stations from the Radio 1 website or can download the podcasts that are made. These podcasts are free and allows them to stay up to date with the stations shows.

Being able to access and receive certain information is vital if a radio station like Radio 1 wishes to be popular in the eyes of the public. Much information is provided by the media, including radio, whom collect information and then disseminate this information to the public. With technology advancing so much throughout the years, the important role of the media is becoming ever more important in people's lives and so Radio 1 must constantly be asking how they can improve their role in the publics lives.

Everything that is broadcast on the radio must stick to the radio broadcasting standards. The list of organisations which I am about to give, regulate the radio broadcasting industry in the UK. These are:

• Ofcom - Office of Communications
• CRCA - Commercial Radio Companies Association
• ASA- Advertising Standards Authority
• PRS for Music - Performing Rights Society and Mechanical Copyright Protection Society.

Radio 1 is owned by the BBC. It is the largest broadcaster in the world. It operates under a Royal Charter and a license and agreement from the Home Secretary. A Royal Charter is when a British town has its status raised to that of a city and so as the BBC is situated in London, this is what they are found under. The BBC is funded merely by the money that is gathered by the annual television license fee that is sent around to all British households. As the BBC do not use advertising on any of their programmes or radio stations, they rely on this license fee to be paid.

As I said above, BBC Radio 1 is owned by the BBC. All of the radio stations owned by the BBC are linked back to the broadcasting house in London. However, radio stations that are owned in different ways are those of Heart FM. Heart is a network of 17 adult contemporary local radio stations in central and southern England and also in north Wales. Sixteen of these Heart stations are owned and operated by Global Radio. This is a British commercial radio company and is the largest in the country. However, there is then one station which is owned independently as a franchise. This is when another firms successful business model is used in order to gain more listeners or public appreciation. This radio station is Heart Hertfordshire. Heart FM is a popular radio station and so by using the Heart name at the front of their station name, this wuold draw in more listeners who like Heart because they will think that the two are linked.

A conglomerate is a combination of two or more corporations engaged in entirely different businesses but which fall under one corporate structure. There is usually one main company and then several subsidaries. This means that conglomerate is a multi industry company and are often large and multinational, therefore creating more money.
The BBC is not a conglomerate company. It is an institution, which means that it is an individual company which has many parts to it, such as BBC radio stations and BBC television channels, all of which are owned by the main BBC but can be situated in different parts of the United Kingdom. However, there is BBC Worldwide which is known as a conglomerate company but is still linked to the main BBC. They have recently signed a deal with RTL and so now the German commercial broadcaster has become a co-production partner on the BBC Natural History unit.

PROBLEMS WITH CONGLOMERATES
- As one company can now own both television stations, radio stations and film industries under one name, the main concentration has been on wealth and expanding thier businesses even more. This means that the media companies focus on profits and treat their viewers as consumers rather than citizens.

- Many media institutions survive on the cost that is paid through advertising fees. This can influence what is covered and what is not on these programmes. For example, stories can end up being biased and one sided so as to not offend advertisers or owners. The ability for viewers to make informed decisions is one of the main vital parts for a free and functioning democracy but this is now being threatened by such concentration in ownership.

DIVERSIFICATION
Diversification means to have a variety of character, form or components. It offers choice and diversity to viewers or listeners and so reaches out and appeals to a greater number of people, therefore increasing income rates.
The BBC is a fine example of a company which does this and satisfies the needs of thier viewers, both young and old. They have different radio station which are aimed at different age groups. For example, there is BBC Radio 1. This is a radio station which is up to date with current music being released and with new bands that are getting recognised. They stay up to date with the charts and every sunday they have The Chart Show, in which the listener can find out where their favourite song has come in the most downloaded or bought song chart. Even this one radio station is split into different time slots which covers different music genres, appealing to the age ranges which they are aiming at, which is 15 - 29, but its average age of the audience is 33. These alternative genres can be found after 7:00pm and covers music such as electronic, dance, hip hop and rock. It sometimes covers interviews with bands which may interest listeners as this could be their favourite band and so they would be really interested in what they have to say. Or it could help out a band that are trying to get recognised and they can gain some helpful tips from the interview.

There is then all the other radio stations which are owned by the BBC. There are, excluding BBC Radio 1, BBC Radio 2, BBC Radio 3, BBC Radio 4, BBC Radio 5 live, BBC Radio 1 Xtra, Radio 4 Extra and Radio 6 music, just to name a few.

BBC RADIO 2
BBC Radio 2 focuses on playing music which is described as Adult Contemporary. It is the most popular radio station in the UK as it covers a wide range of music, not just that which is aimed at older age groups. Adult contemporary is a broad style of popular music which ranges from the 1950's and 1960's vocal music, to ballad-heavy music with rock influence.

BBC RADIO 3
This radio station centres its music on classical and opera. However, Jazz, world music, drama, culture and the arts are also featured on the stations shows. It holds a 'New Generation Artists scheme' which promotes you musicians of all nationalities, bringing them that one step closer to fame. All of the BBC Proms concerts are broadcast live on BBC Radio 3 as this is the genre of music that they cover. They also, to vary their listening material, have regular productions of both classical plays and newly commissioned drama.

RADIO 5 LIVE

Radio 5 live specialises in live BBC News, phone-ins, interviews and sports commentaries. However, its main principal is covering sport in the United Kingdom and broadcasts virtually all major sporting events in the UK or involving British competitors. This can be anything from football to cricket, it tells the viewer all that is going on.
These are just some examples of the diverse genres that the BBC radio stations deliver to their listeners and shows that they really do have their listeners interests at heart as they try and cover all that they know the age range which is listneing, would want to hear and they have no advertising and so this is not their main worry for income, it is to make sure that the citizens enjoy what they are hearing and continue to tune in.

BBC radio stations, instead of producing products, produce events which goes towards the funding of thier radio stations. For example, BBC Radio 1 hosts, every year, an event called Radio 1's Big Weekend. This is where they give out free tickets to a certain amount of people, around 500 people, and then they are allowed to come to this gig. It involves new and up and coming bands as well as big headlines such as Beyonce and Jay-Z. They can afford to give away these free tickets as they have such a wide range of products being used and sold everyday and due to the amount of television stations and radio stations that they have ownership of. However, they do rely on the selling of merchandise and refreshments to help go towards their income.
There is then the BBC Proms, which BBC Radio 3 hosts and broadcasts live to their listeners and so this adds to the listener ratings of this radio station.

As explained above, radio stations such as the BBC have a large range of different stations which allow citizens to choose what they want to listen to and then they can tune in and listen to that material. Altogether, the radio industry produces large numbers of different material from eachother, giving the listener the choice of what station they want to listen to, depending on the mood that they are in. For example, although BBC radio stations have good diversity in what they play, there are stations such as Heart FM which plays club classics and dance floor fillers, things that people would want to listen to if they were having a party or getting ready to go out, in order to get them into the party mood.
Although they all come together to allow the listener to choose what they want to listen to, they are all competing against eachother. Each main name, such as Heart and BBC, have many different channels which each focus on different genres of music at different times and allow the listener to have a choice. The amount of listeners that they have is how the compete as this is listener ratings and how they achieve their income. Radio stations such as Heart advertise greatly, unlike the BBC which does not advertise at all. This allows Heart to gain a lot of money throughout all of their shows because of the amount of times that they advertise a product, which they have been paid to do. However, people may not want to listen to adverts constantly and so may change stations to somewhere like the BBC which do not advertise at all in any of the products that they make. The only things that they do advertise are those which they have made themselves, such as Radio 1's Big Weekend.

Most radio stations source of income comes from the adverts that they air on their stations. Companies will pay money to radio companies to allow an advert to be inserted throughout the radio's show and this advert will be able to appear and be heard a certain number of times in one day. However, the BBC does not advertise any other products other than its own and so it relies on the television license that is put in place by the broadcasting company. This money allows them to fund themselves and create better television programs for all age groups.

Digital provision is an aspect which affects the radio industry greatly. There are now many ways in which someone can listen to a radio show and also a lot more radio shows being made available to listeners from all over the world, therefore increasing the competition between radio stations themselves. As technology has improved, there are ways in which people can listen to the radio now without being anywhere near a radio itself. This is because of how far the internet has come. You can now download free podcasts from ITunes and listen to shows that have already passed, incase you missed them or wanted to listen to them again. Because ITunes is such a globally known site, people from all over the world are able to download these podcasts for free, therefore increasing the popularity of this radio station and also allowing them to become higher than other stations in the ITunes chart. This is how competition is made. Also, if a radio station, other than Radio 1, were to get more listeners, then this would increase their popularity. This will then mean that companies will want to advertise on this station more and so therefore increase the amount of money that is being made due to what is being paid to have their adverts heard on the radio.